How Do You Fix Apple No-access
Understanding Internet Addressing
When using the Internet, you are assigned a unique Public IPv4 address, such as 188.253.3.64, or an IPv6 address like 2000:4167:b602:60ad:30ca:7869:c7f7:f699. This information can be verified at https://test-ipv6.com/. However, explaining and communicating these addresses, along with MAC addresses like c5:36:19:f9:98:54, can be prone to error and become complex. Moreover, it does not provide historical data, especially when issues arose in the past.
Navigating the World Wide Web
When accessing a website, such as https://raynor-fritsch.co, you initially connect to a DNS server to convert the host portion (raynor-fritsch) combined with the Top Level Domain (co) of the URL to an IP address, such as 11.238.208.184. Your computer and browser include their type information with every web request, for example: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win 9x 4.90; SG; rv:1.9.2.4) Gecko/20101104 Netscape/9.1.0285.
The Significance of Default Gateways
The default gateway is typically an automatically configured address via DHCP. This gateway, such as 192.168.49.26 (usually ending in .1 or .254 based on scope size), is where your computer sends all its traffic to be routed onwards. More information on IPv6 connectivity can be found in our in-depth guide how-to-fix-ipv6-connectivity/, and on Mac or Linux systems, it can be verified with:
IPv4 Routes and the Host IPv4 Route Table (inc. VPN)
netstat -rn -f inet | egrep -i "default|0/1|128.0/1"
0/1 172.18.12.193 UGScg utun3 default 192.168.49.26 UGScg en0 128.0/1 172.18.12.193 UGSc utun3
Note: We are not just looking for the default but also for any VPN that overrides the public v4 address space.
IPv6 Routes and the Host IPv6 Route Table (inc. VPN)
netstat -rn -f inet6 | egrep -i "default|2000::/3"
If you have IPv6 active the above should return at least one route (as per below) via a known interface such as “en0 " on a Mac.
default fe80:a604:61e:283e:9a6d%en0 UGcg en0 default fe80::%utun0 UGcIg utun0 default fe80::%utun1 UGcIg utun1 default fe80::%utun2 UGcIg utun2 2000::/3 utun3 USc utun3
Note: We are not just looking for the default but also for any VPN that overrides the public v6 address space.
Debugging DHCP for both IPv4 and IPv6
To get a look at the low level DHCP configuration (Mac/Linux):
ipconfig getpacket en0
...
domain_name_server (ip_mult): {232.206.148.76, 134.121.30.135}
end (none):
...
So, in the above we are not getting IPv6 DNS servers from the DHCPv4 reply but…
ipconfig getv6packet en0
DHCPv6 REPLY (7) Transaction ID 0x80940b Length 76
Options[4] = {
CLIENTID (1) Length 14: DUID LLT HW 1 Time 668691856 Addr c5:36:19:f9:98:54
DNS_SERVERS (23) Length 32: 2606:4700:4700::1111, 2001:4860:4860::8844
DOMAIN_LIST (24) Length 0: Invalid
SERVERID (2) Length 10: DUID LL HW 1 Addr 8b:92:5b:47:11:51
}
Fixing Connectivity Issues for Wired and Wireless Networks
When it comes to transferring data to your router, you may be using either a wired or wireless (Wi-Fi) medium at the physical and data layer.
Troubleshooting for Apple macOS / OSX Devices
No matter which version of OSX/macOS you are using - whether it’s 10.13.8, 11.0.7, or 12.1.9 - there are various troubleshooting tools available. However, these manual actions and scripts do not provide a series of correlated values over time. This is where automated remote troubleshooting becomes valuable, especially for teams that are remote or embrace the Work From Anywhere (WFA) philosophy.
Using Built-in Scripts for Assistance
One useful tool on OSX/macOS is sudo wdutil info, which provides a dump of current wireless related settings to the CLI and can be configured to generate specific troubleshooting logs. Additionally, the sysdiagnose tool can be used to generate a wide range of logs, although much of it is related to wireless settings and is point-in-time, similar to wdutil.
To run sysdiagnose in the background and write logs to /var/tmp/<blah>.tar.gz, use the command sudo nohup /usr/bin/sysdiagnose -u &. For an interactive run, use sudo /usr/bin/sysdiagnose, which will display a privacy warning. If not run in the background, it should open Finder in the correct location, or you can navigate to /var/tmp using Finder with Cmd+Shift+G. Keep in mind that the file sizes are approximately 300MB.
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