How Do You Test Apple Issues

Understanding Internet Addressing When using the Internet, individuals may be assigned a Public IPv4 or an IPv6 address. Identifying these addresses can be done by visiting https://test-ipv6.com/ to check for their presence. However, effectively communicating these addresses, as well as MAC addresses, can be challenging for those who are not technologically inclined. Understanding Internet Addressing When using the Internet, individuals may be assigned a Public IPv4 or an IPv6 address. Identifying these addresses can be done by visiting https://test-ipv6.com/ to check for their presence. However, effectively communicating these addresses, as well as MAC addresses, can be challenging for those who are not technologically inclined.

Understanding Internet Addressing

When using the Internet, individuals may be assigned a Public IPv4 or an IPv6 address. Identifying these addresses can be done by visiting https://test-ipv6.com/ to check for their presence. However, effectively communicating these addresses, as well as MAC addresses, can be challenging for those who are not technologically inclined. Moreover, these addresses do not provide historical data, especially from past issues.

Accessing a website, such as https://cummings-barton.info, begins with contacting a DNS server to translate the host portion of the URL, along with the Top Level Domain, into an IP address. When making web requests, your computer and browser send information about their type, such as
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Win 9x 4.90; SG; rv:1.9.2.4) Gecko/20101104 Netscape/9.1.0285.

The Significance of Default Gateways

By default, a gateway gets automatically configured via DHCP, resulting in an assigned address such as 10.13.19.15. Typically, these addresses end in .1 or .254, depending on the scope size. This is where all your computer’s traffic gets routed for further processing. For those interested in troubleshooting IPv6 connectivity on Mac or Linux, a detailed guide is available at how-to-fix-ipv6-connectivity/.

IPv4 Routes and the Host IPv4 Route Table (inc. VPN)

netstat -rn -f inet | egrep -i "default|0/1|128.0/1"

0/1      172.18.12.193  UGScg  utun3
default  10.13.19.15    UGScg  en0
128.0/1  172.18.12.193  UGSc   utun3

Note: We are not just looking for the default but also for any VPN that overrides the public v4 address space.

IPv6 Routes and the Host IPv6 Route Table (inc. VPN)

netstat -rn -f inet6 | egrep -i "default|2000::/3"

If you have IPv6 active the above should return at least one route (as per below) via a known interface such as “en0 " on a Mac.

default   fe80:6300:d752:5d74:58da%en0  UGcg   en0
default   fe80::%utun0                   UGcIg  utun0
default   fe80::%utun1                   UGcIg  utun1
default   fe80::%utun2                   UGcIg  utun2
2000::/3  utun3                          USc    utun3

Note: We are not just looking for the default but also for any VPN that overrides the public v6 address space.

Debugging DHCP for both IPv4 and IPv6

To get a look at the low level DHCP configuration (Mac/Linux):

ipconfig getpacket en0

...
domain_name_server (ip_mult): {133.185.193.40, 192.37.94.90}
end (none):
...

So, in the above we are not getting IPv6 DNS servers from the DHCPv4 reply but…

ipconfig getv6packet en0

DHCPv6 REPLY (7) Transaction ID 0x80940b Length 76
Options[4] = {
  CLIENTID (1) Length 14: DUID LLT HW 1 Time 668691856 Addr e8:d5:31:28:e9:80
  DNS_SERVERS (23) Length 32: 2606:4700:4700::1111, 2001:4860:4860::8844
  DOMAIN_LIST (24) Length 0:  Invalid
  SERVERID (2) Length 10: DUID LL HW 1 Addr ab:7a:ce:f6:58:f4
}

Resolve Issues with Wired or Wireless Connections

When it comes to sending data to your router, you might be utilizing either a wired or wireless (Wi-Fi) medium at the physical and data layer.

Action Plan for Apple macOS / OSX Users

Regardless of whether you are running OSX/macOS version 10.12.4, 11.1.2, or 12.3.3, there are various troubleshooting tools available. However, these manual actions and scripts do not provide a set of correlated values over time. This is where automated remote troubleshooting becomes valuable, particularly for teams that adopt remote work and Work From Anywhere (WFA) practices.

Useful Built-in Scripts

One useful tool for OSX/macOS users is sudo wdutil info, which provides a dump of current wireless-related settings to the Command Line Interface (CLI). It can also be configured to generate specific logs for troubleshooting. Additionally, the sysdiagnose tool can be used to generate a wide range of logs, although many are only relevant to wireless settings at a specific point in time, similar to wdutil.

To run it in the background and write logs to /var/tmp/<blah>.tar.gz, use the command sudo nohup /usr/bin/sysdiagnose -u &. If you prefer to run it interactively, use the command sudo /usr/bin/sysdiagnose and it will display a privacy warning. When not run in the background, it should open Finder in the correct location, or you can navigate to /var/tmp manually, or use Finder with Cmd+Shift+G to navigate to the path. Keep in mind that the file sizes are approximately 300MB.

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