How Do You Troubleshoot Apple No-access

Understanding the Function of Internet Addressing When using the Internet, individuals are assigned Public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to enable communication and connectivity. For example, a Public IPv4 address may appear as 192.76.212.193 while an IPv6 address may appear as 2000:f5e0:addb:d128:35:7192:5494:cd01. Understanding the Function of Internet Addressing When using the Internet, individuals are assigned Public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to enable communication and connectivity. For example, a Public IPv4 address may appear as 192.76.212.193 while an IPv6 address may appear as 2000:f5e0:addb:d128:35:7192:5494:cd01.

Understanding the Function of Internet Addressing

When using the Internet, individuals are assigned Public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to enable communication and connectivity. For example, a Public IPv4 address may appear as 192.76.212.193 while an IPv6 address may appear as 2000:f5e0:addb:d128:35:7192:5494:cd01. These addresses can be verified using https://test-ipv6.com/. However, conveying these addresses to non-technical individuals or referencing MAC addresses such as 91:b4:d2:d5:40:67 can be prone to errors and complexity. Also, this method does not provide any historical data, particularly regarding past issues.

When attempting to access a webpage like https://lind-bruen.biz, the initial step involves consulting a DNS server to convert the host portion (lind-bruen) combined with the Top Level Domain (biz) into an IP address, such as 103.106.122.49. Interestingly, every web request contains information about the computer and browser type, for instance:
Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; Ubuntu/14.10) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.16

Understanding the Significance of Default Gateways

The default gateway typically receives an automatically configured address via DHCP, resulting in an address like 10.117.165.56 (although often ending in .1 or .254 based on the scope size). This default gateway is where a computer sends all its traffic to be routed onwards. For IPv6 troubleshooting, there is a comprehensive guide available at how-to-fix-ipv6-connectivity/. Moreover, users can verify this information on Mac or Linux platforms using the following methods:

IPv4 Routes and the Host IPv4 Route Table (inc. VPN)

netstat -rn -f inet | egrep -i "default|0/1|128.0/1"

0/1      172.18.12.193  UGScg  utun3
default  10.117.165.56    UGScg  en0
128.0/1  172.18.12.193  UGSc   utun3

Note: We are not just looking for the default but also for any VPN that overrides the public v4 address space.

IPv6 Routes and the Host IPv6 Route Table (inc. VPN)

netstat -rn -f inet6 | egrep -i "default|2000::/3"

If you have IPv6 active the above should return at least one route (as per below) via a known interface such as “en0 " on a Mac.

default   fe80:b9b2:257:aa17:eee7%en0  UGcg   en0
default   fe80::%utun0                   UGcIg  utun0
default   fe80::%utun1                   UGcIg  utun1
default   fe80::%utun2                   UGcIg  utun2
2000::/3  utun3                          USc    utun3

Note: We are not just looking for the default but also for any VPN that overrides the public v6 address space.

Debugging DHCP for both IPv4 and IPv6

To get a look at the low level DHCP configuration (Mac/Linux):

ipconfig getpacket en0

...
domain_name_server (ip_mult): {236.91.220.218, 201.65.23.175}
end (none):
...

So, in the above we are not getting IPv6 DNS servers from the DHCPv4 reply but…

ipconfig getv6packet en0

DHCPv6 REPLY (7) Transaction ID 0x80940b Length 76
Options[4] = {
  CLIENTID (1) Length 14: DUID LLT HW 1 Time 668691856 Addr 91:b4:d2:d5:40:67
  DNS_SERVERS (23) Length 32: 2606:4700:4700::1111, 2001:4860:4860::8844
  DOMAIN_LIST (24) Length 0:  Invalid
  SERVERID (2) Length 10: DUID LL HW 1 Addr 5d:36:24:ef:9f:a2
}

Solutions for Resolving Wired and Wireless Issues

When it comes to transmitting data to your router, you may be utilizing a wired or wireless (Wi-Fi) medium at the physical and data layer.

Tips and Tricks for Apple macOS / OSX Users

No matter which version of OSX/macOS you’re running, whether it’s 10.14.7, 11.0.7, or 12.1.9, there is a variety of troubleshooting tools available. However, these manual actions and scripts don’t provide a set of correlated values over time which is where remote troubleshooting becomes essential, especially for teams that operate remotely and embrace the Work From Anywhere (WFA) approach.

Useful Built-in Scripts

On OSX/macOS, the sudo wdutil info tool is incredibly useful as it provides current wireless settings and can also be configured to generate specific troubleshooting logs. In addition, the sysdiagnose tool is even more comprehensive as it can generate a wide range of logs, although it is mostly point-in-time in relation to wireless, similar to wdutil.

To run sudo nohup /usr/bin/sysdiagnose -u & in the background and write logs to /var/tmp/<blah>.tar.gz, or to run it interactively, users can execute sudo /usr/bin/sysdiagnose with a privacy warning. When not run in the background, it should open Finder in the correct location, or users can navigate to /var/tmp or use Finder with Cmd+Shift+G to locate the path. However, keep in mind that the file sizes can be around 300MB.

Possibly Helpful Videos

Video Title Channel
Spotlight on Spotlight - Hands-On Mac 7 Hands-On Mac
Securing macOS Big Sur Hands-On Mac
macOS Big Sur - What's New in Apple macOS 11 Hands-On Mac
Mac Activity Monitor - How to Troubleshoot Your Mac Hands-On Mac
On the Road to Big Sur 2 - Compatibility Hands-On Mac
Table 1.0 - Video Help



P.S. Tips For Remote Network and Client Support

Digital work requires reliable connectivity. Whether for low latency or regular data streams, Wi-Fi, DNS, and network issues cause teams to lose time and productivity. Even worse is when support teams waste time trying to recreate and isolate issues! See how PanSift saves time, money, and frustration on all sides with instant remote troubleshooting 🏠🏝🛰.

Design Benefits + 2 Free Agents


Install on any mobile or stationary Mac for immediate visibility.

Click for a frictionless and instant live demo

2x free agents for problem machines and upgrade for more!

Click for a frictionless and instant live demo

Install as remote sensors at any site or location!

Rapid Digital Experience Monitoring for teams, clients, and sites!

Instant Agent

2 x free macOS agents

Live Demo

No registration, immediate live demo!